Adrenal tumors are cancerous or noncancerous growths on the adrenal glands. Causes of most adrenal tumors are unknown.
Even benign adrenal tumors can be dangerous or cause uncomfortable symptoms.
Depending on the type of hormone made by the tumor, symptoms of adrenal tumors may or may not occur.
In about half of the people with adrenal cancer, the symptoms are caused by the hormones made by the tumor. In the other half, symptoms of adrenal cancer occur because the tumor grows so large in size that it presses on the nearby organs.
Signs and symptoms of adrenal cancer may include:
It is hard to find adrenal cancers early, and they are often quite large by the time they are diagnosed. Usually adrenal cancers are found earlier in children than in adults.
Adrenal cancers are often aggressive and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasize) rapidly because the adrenal gland is a vascular organ with many blood vessels which enables to carry malignant cells to other organs.
To diagnose adrenal tumors, radiographic scanning, adreno-venous sampling and biochemical testing can be performed using latest techonology.
Advanced genetic testing can be an option if your family members have certain inherited disorders.
Types of radiological scannings may include:
If you were to be diagnosed with adrenal tumor, your doctor would discuss with you your best options and customize your treatment accordingly. This depends on several factors, including the type of adrenal tumor and your general health.
One or more of the therapies listed below may be needed for the treatment of adrenal tumor.
We bring together a team of experts that include specialists from many areas to give you a personal and a customized care.
Turkish doctors have a remarkable level of experience in both diagnosing and treating adrenal tumors. They work with teams that often include endocrinologists, surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, medical oncologists and radiation oncologists, to offer you the most advanced treatment with the least impact on your body. This can have a direct impact on your chance for a successful treatment.
Each year, surgeons in Istanbul perform a large number of surgeries for adrenal tumors. Our contracted hospitals use the latest technology which means there is less blood loss and shorter recovery time compared to the standard surgery techniques.
Bone cancer is a type of tumor that originates in the bone. Other types of cancer, such as non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and multiple types of Myeloma may affect the bones by spreading from other parts of the body.
There are different types of bone tumors. The most common types of primary bone cancers are:
Imaging tests, physical exams and blood tests might suggest that a person has bone cancer but in most cases doctors must confirm these results with a biopsy.
A biopsy is used to confirm the presence of cancer cells. It is very important for the biopsy procedure to be done by a surgeon with experience in diagnosing and treating bone tumors. There are two types of bone biopsy:
Generally more than one type of treatment is suggested to treat bone cancer. Your treatment plan will depend on the type of bone cancer and its stage.
Based on your treatment options, you might have different types of doctors on your treatment team. These doctors may include an orthopedic surgeon, a radiation oncologist and a medical oncologist.
The main approaches for treatment of bone cancer are:
The goal of surgery is to remove the tumor and a margin of healthy bone or tissue around the tumor to make sure all of the cancer cells are gone. Afterwards, according to the stage of the cancer, chemotherapy and radiation therapy may also be required.
Medical centers in Turkey provide bone cancer treatments in line with the strict international protocols. Patients from 80 countries choose Turkey for cancer treatment.
Turkish hospitals bring together a team of experts that include specialists from many areas to give you a customized care. The doctors in Turkey regularly improve their skills in leading medical facilities of Europe and America. They use specialized therapies and technologies to give you the most advanced cancer treatment with the least impact on your body.
A brain tumor is a mass or growth of abnormal cells in your brain.
Some brain tumors grow slowly and may become quite large before causing symptoms. Other brain tumors may grow quickly and cause a sudden onset of symptoms.
The signs and symptoms of a brain tumor vary greatly and depend on the brain tumor's size, location and rate of growth.
Signs and symptoms of brain tumors may include:
If it's suspected that you have a brain tumor, your doctor may recommend a number of tests and procedures, including:
If you have a brain tumor your recommended treatment will depend on:
Treatments for brain tumors may include:
Surgery is often used to remove brain tumors. The aim is to remove as much abnormal tissue as safely as possible.
It isn't always possible to remove all of the tumor, so further treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be needed to treat any abnormal cells left behind.
Gamma knife surgery can be performed for some cases. Gamma knife surgery brings latest technology to treat certain types of brain tumors.
A brain tumor is a mass or growth of abnormal cells in the brain. Brain and spine tumors are the second most common cancers in children after leukemia.
The brain has four main parts and the brain with the spinal cord are made up of many kinds of tissues. Different types of tumors can develop in these areas.
Childhood brain tumors differ from adult tumors regarding the location of the tumor, the type of cell in which they develop, and their treatment methods.
The brain tumors that often develop in children are the following ones:
Symptoms of childhood brain tumors depend on their location in the brain.
Signs and symptoms of childhood brain tumors may include:
One or more diagnostic tests may be used to determine a tumor in the brain such as;
Treatment for a pediatric brain tumor depends on the type, size and location of the tumor, as well as your child's age and overall health.
The bladder is a hollow, flexible pouch in your pelvis. Its main job is to store urine before it leaves your body. Bladder cancer occurs when bladder cells become abnormal and grow out of control.
Each year, almost 71.000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed in USA.
The most common symptom of bladder cancer is detecting blood in the urine which may turn it orange, pink, or darker red.
In some cases, you won’t be able to see the blood in your urine. Your doctor or the lab tech will only detect it with a urine test.
Symptoms of bladder cancer may include:
Tests and procedures used to diagnose bladded cancer may include:
There are different options for bladder cancer treatment. Your doctor will take many different factors into account when deciding which treatment is best for you.
The decision will be based on your type of bladder cancer, its stage and grade.
The treatments used for bladded cancer may include:
You may have a combination of these treatments depending on your medical situaition.
Breast cancer occurs when cancer develops from breast tissue.
Risk factors for developing breast cancer include obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, and having children late or not at all.
Signs and symptoms of breast cancer may include:
Early detection tests for breast cancer save thousands of lives each year. The goal of screening exams for early breast cancer detection is to find cancers before they start to cause symptoms.
Tests and procedures used to diagnose breast cancer may include:
There are many options for breast cancer treatment. Your doctor will take many different factors into account when deciding which treatment is best for you.
The decision will be based on your type of breast cancer, its stage and grade, whether the cancer cells are sensitive to hormones and your overall health.
The treatments used for breast cancer may include:
You may have a combination of these treatments, depending on your situation.
Cervical cancer occurs in the cervix which is the lower part of the uterus. Some factors increase the risk of having cervical cancer such as having HPV infection, genetic factors and smoking.
Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer may include:
If you have experienced symptoms of cervical cancer you are advised to see a doctor.
There are different options for Cervical Cancer treatment. To decide the best treatment option for you , your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
The most common treatments for cervical cancer are surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Also, a combined version of these treatments may be considered.
During surgical treatment, according to the stage of the cancer, only the cervix with lymph nodes may be removed or the uterus may be removed with or without ovaries and lymph nodes.
Leukemia is the most common type of cancer seen in children, making up about a third of all pediatric cancers. Childhood leukemia starts in the bone marrow, where new blood cells are made.
There is no known way to prevent leukemia, but there are several risk factors that may increase a person’s chance of developing the disease.
Unfortunately leukemia usually does not show its symptoms in the early stages. Signs and symptoms of childhood leukemia may include:
First step to diagnose childhood leukemia is blood investigations and bone marrow biopsy. Also, MRI, CT scan and ultrasonography may be needed to detect the damages of childhood leukemia.
There are different options for the treatment of Leukemia in children. Treatment options determined by several factors such as type and stage of leukemia and age of the patient .
The common treatments used for leukemia may include:
Turkish hospitals have remarkable experience and skill in treating childhood leukemia. A team of specially trained physicians, supported by nurses and therapists, follow the patiant throughout childhood leukemia treatment.
Moreover, successful bone marrow transplantations are continuously being carried out in Turkey. Adult and pediatric bone marrow transplant centers that work with international standards are integrated to the international bone marrow banks.
Lymphomas are cancers of the lymphatic system and it has two main types under the name of Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
In Hodgkin's lymphoma, the disease is defined by the presence of Reed Sternberg cells, which are large cells that can have more than one nucleus. These cells grow and divide more quickly and live longer than normal cells.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), or simply lymphoma, does not have Reed Sternberg cells.
Signs and symptoms of childhood Lymphoma may include:
Additionally, signs and symptoms of non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma may include:
Childhood lymphomas can be difficult to characterize, several tests may have to be done.
General tests that can be used to determine the type and stage of childhood lymphoma are:
For each child a personalized lymphoma treatment strategy should be determined based on information including:
The common treatments used for lymphoma may include:
Turkish hospitals have remarkable experience and skill in treating childhood lymphoma. A team of specially trained physicians, supported by nurses and therapists, follow the patiant throughout childhood lymphoma treatment.
Moreover, successful bone marrow transplantations are continuously being carried out in Turkey. Adult and pediatric bone marrow transplant centers that work with international standards, are integrated to the international bone marrow banks
Ewing's sarcomas, or Ewing's tumors are a type of cancer which start in the bones or soft tissues. Ewing's sarcomas usually form in the pelvis, chest or legs, particularly the long bones.
Ewing's sarcomas are categorized into three types. While each type is slightly different, they all are caused by the same gene abnormalities and are treated in the same way.
Signs and symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma may include:
Usually an X-ray shows a suspicious area. Afterwards, the doctor recommends additional imaging tests for further evaluationions in childhood
Also, the doctor may recommend a needle biopsy procedure to determine the type of cancer. Testing also reveals the cancer's grade, which helps doctors understand how aggressive the cancer may be.
Ewing’s sarcoma generally requires multiple approaches. The treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma generally includes surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
Treatment options may include:
Turkish hospitals have remarkable experience and skill in treating Ewing’s sarcoma. A team of specially trained physicians, supported by nurses and therapists, follow the patiant throughout Ewing’s sarcoma treatment.
Although eye cancer is uncommon, it can form in several different structures in the area of the eye.
If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it is called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular cancers in adults are melanoma and lymphoma.
Signs and symptoms of eye cancer may include:
Examination of the eye by an ophthalmologist is often the most important first step in diagnoses.
If an eye exam suggests you might have eye cancer, more tests such as imaging tests or other procedures might be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Eye cancer treatment options will depend on the location and size of the eye melanoma. If the melanoma is small and isn't growing, you and your doctor may choose to wait and watch for signs of growth.
If the melanoma grows or causes complications, your doctor may suggest these treatments below:
Kidney cancer usually develops as a single mass within the kidney. The kidney may contain more than one tumor, but it is rare for cancer to occur in both kidneys.
There are different types of kidney cancer. About 90% of kidney cancers are renal cell cancers. They start in the cortex of the kidney.
Rarely, very young children and adults develop a type of kidney cancer called nephroblastoma.
Kidney cancer usually doesn’t show symptoms at an early stage. They are often diagnosed by chance.
Common symptoms of kidney cancer may include:
Tests and procedures used to diagnose kidney cancer may include:
Surgery is the first-line treatment for most renal cell carcinoma patient. Your doctor will take many different factors into account when deciding which treatment is best for you.
The decision will be based on your type of kidney cancer, its stage and grade.
The treatments used for kidney cancer may include:
You may have a combination of these treatments depending on your medical situaition.
Lymphoma is a type of cancer which occurs in lymphoid tissues, lymph nodes, spleen, blood or bone marrow.
Lymphoma has two main types under the name of Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Signs and symptoms of lymphoma may include:
Early diagnnosis play an important role. Diagnostic tests for lymphoma are blood investigations and biopsy.
There are different options for lymphoma treatment. Treatment options for lymphoma are determined by several factors such as type and stage of lymphoma and age of the patient.
The common treatments used for lymphoma may include:
In Turkey hundreds of lymphoma patients are being treated in medical centers each year, which provides doctors remarkable depth of experience and expertise.
Innovative treatments are available in Turkey. To treat lymphoma, doctors apply immunotherapy which was approved by FDA in 2018. Such a therapy boosts the patient’s immunity to fight malignant formations without damage for healthy cells.
Moreover, successful bone marrow transplantations are continuously being carried out in Turkey. Adult and pediatric bone marrow transplant centers that work with international standards, are integrated to the international bone marrow banks.
Among the public, leukemia is known as a blood cancer. The disease occurs in the bone marrow and correspondingly it starts to make abnormal white blood cells.
Types of leukemia are grouped by the type of cell affected and by the rate of cell growth.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is most prevalent during childhood and early adulthood, but it also is found in adults.
Acute Myeloid (or myelogenous) leukemia (AML) occurs more often in adults.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough normal blood cells.
Myeloproliferative Disorder (MPD) is a condition in which the bone marrow makes to many blood cells. Sometimes the disease progresses slowly and requires little treatment; other times it develops into acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Chronic leukemia involves an overgrowth of mature blood cells. Usually, people with chronic leukemia have enough mature blood cells to prevent serious bleeding and infection. Chronic leukemia is found more often in people between ages 40 and 70.
Often, symptoms of leukemia do not show up in the early stages. If you do have symptoms, they may include:
Early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of leukemia.
Diagnostic tests for leukemia are blood investigatons and bone marrow biopsy. Also MRI, CT scan and ultrasonography may be performed to detect the damages of leukemia.
There are different options for Leukemia treatment. Treatment options determined by several factors such as type and stage of leukemia and age of patient.
The common treatments used for leukemia may include:
Medical centers in Turkey work with highly experienced physicians dedicated to leukemia treatment. Using a comprehensive team approach, they provide customized care that includes the most advanced diagnostic methods and treatments.
Our partner hospitals for leukemia treatment in Turkey are certified by independent international organizations such as JCI (Joint Commission International) or ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and they are all university hospitals.
Since leukemia treatment requires urgency, we suggest you to start your treatment as soon as possible.
There are some factors that increase the risk of havingliver cancer which are having hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, obesity and diabetes.
Signs and symptoms of liver cancer may include:
There are different options for the treatment of liver cancer. To decide the best treatment option for you, your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
Surgical treatment, chemoembolization , radiotherapy and cryoablation are most common treatment ways of liver cancer. Also combined treatments may be considered.
Lung cancer develops in the lung tissues. There are some factors that increase the risk of having lung cancer such as smoking, genetic factors, radiation and air pollution.
Signs and symptoms of lung cancer may include:
Early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of lung cancer. Diagnostic tests for lung cancer may include:
There are different options for lung cancer treatment. To decide the best treatment option for you, your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
While surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common ways of lung cancer treatment, depending on the patient a combined version of these treatments may be considered.
Regarding to the stage of the cancer, the tumor or a part of a lung or whole of the lung can be removed by surgery. Also, chemotherapy may be advised in order to lessen the cancer cells before the surgery.
After the surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy will be given to decrease the risk of cancer to relapse. Besides, if it is a progressive cancer and it is already spread out these treatments given to damage the cancer cells which are located different parts of the body.
Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the retina, a light-sensitive layer of tissue in the eye. It is the most common malignant tumor that starts in eye among children.
Signs and symptoms of retinoblastoma may include:
There are several different procedures doctors can use to diagnose retinoblastoma, including:
The main types of treatment for retinoblastoma are:
Children with retinoblastoma are treated by a team of doctors that often includes:
Medulloblastoma is a type of brain tumor that starts in the cerebellum, which controls balance and other complex motor and cognitive functions. While medulloblastoma often grows quickly and may spread to other parts of the body, it usually responds well to treatment.
While medulloblastoma is rare, it is the most common pediatric malignant (cancerous) brain tumor. Approximately 20% of childhood brain tumors are medulloblastomas.
Signs and symptoms of medulloblastoma may include:
There are several different procedures doctors can use to diagnose medulloblastoma including:
The main types of treatment for retinoblastoma are:
Medulloblastoma treatment starts with surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible as safely. Studies have shown that the chances for successful treatment and improved survival are better if more tumor will be removed.
After surgery, most children receive chemotherapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
All adults with medulloblastoma receive radiation therapy to the brain and the spine after surgery to stop or slow the growth of any residual tumor.
Depending on their age and condition, some children receive radiation therapy as well.
Melanoma is a skin cancer that starts in melanocytes (cells that make melanin), which give skin its pigment, or color. Sometimes these cells transform, often because of damage caused by sun exposure and over time, this damage may result in cancer. types of melanoma include:
The most important warning sign of melanoma is a new spot on the skin or a spot that is changing in size, shape, or color. Another important sign is a spot that looks different from all the other ones on your skin.
Most melanomas are brought to a doctor’s attention because of signs or symptoms a person is having.
If you have an abnormal area that might be skin cancer, your doctor will examine it and might do tests to find out if it is melanoma, another type of skin cancer, or some other skin condition. If melanoma is found, other tests may be done to find out if it has spread to other areas of the body.
If melanoma is caught early, it is highly treatable. Surgery is the main treatment for early melanomas, and may be used as part of the treatment approach for advanced melanomas.
If cancers cells have already reached the lymph nodes (stage 3) surgical treatment may be needed. Requiring wide excision of the primary tumor as in earlier stages, along with lymph node dissection.
After surgery, adjuvant treatment may help lower the risk of the melanoma coming back. Another option is to give radiation therapy to the areas where the lymph nodes were removed, especially if many of the nodes contain cancer.
Stage 4 melanomas are often hard to cure, as they have already spread to distant lymph nodes or other areas of the body. Skin tumors or enlarged lymph nodes causing symptoms can often be removed by surgery or treated with radiotherapy.
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. Plasma cells help to fight infections by making antibodies that recognize and attack germs.
Multiple myeloma causes cancer cells to accumulate in the bone marrow, where they crowd out healthy blood cells.
Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma may include:
Procedures used to diagnose multiple myeloma include:
Standard treatment options include:
Medical Centers in Turkey works with highly experienced physicians dedicated to Multiple Myeloma treatment, Using a comprehensive team approach, they provide customized care that includes the most advanced diagnostic methods and treatments.
Our partner hospitals for Prostate Cancer treatment in Turkey are certified by independent international organizations such as JCI (Joint Commission International) or ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and they are all University Hospitals.
Fast treatment arrangement: Since multiple myeloma treatment requires urgency, we suggest you to start your treatment as soon as possible.
Neuroblastoma starts developing in certain, very early forms of nerve cells. They are most often found in an embryo or a fetus.
Neuroblastoma is the fourth most common cancer type among children and the most common cancer type in infants.
It almost always develops before the age of 5, and the average age of diagnosis is between 1 and 2.
Sometimes neuroblastoma shows no symptoms, and sometimes it is misdiagnosed because its symptoms look like those of other more common conditions.
Signs and symptoms of neuroblastoma may include:
Tests and procedures used to diagnose neuroblastoma may include:
The female reproductive system contains two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and abdomen. Early-stage ovarian cancer is more likely to be treated successfully and an early diagnosis plays an important role.
Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer may include:
Tests and procedures used to diagnose ovarian cancer include:
There are different types of treatment options for ovarian cancer regarding to its progression speed, type and stage.
Treatment of ovarian cancer usually involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy.
There are some factors increasing the risk of having pancreas cancer which are, genetic factors, obesity, smoking, drinking alcohol and old age. pancreas cancer is known as an insidious disease. Generally, it may not give signs and symptoms in the beginning stages. Pancreas cancer usually develops after the age of 60-65 and it is seen more in men than in women.
Signs and symptoms of pancreas cancer may include:
If you have experienced the symptoms of pancreas cancer you are advised to see a doctor.
An early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of pancreas cancer. Diagnostic tests for pancreas cancer may include a CT scan, MRI, biopsy and blood investigations.
There are different treatment options for pancreas cancer. To decide the best treatment option for you, your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
Surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatment ways of pancreas cancer also, depending on the patient, a combined treatment may be considered.
In general, treatment of pancreas cancer begins with surgery. In some cases before the surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy will be advised to lessen the cancer cells before surgery.
After the surgery, chemotherapy treatment is given to the patient to decrease the risk of a relapse. Also, if the cancer is progressive and it has already spread out then chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment may be used in order to damage the cancer cells that are located in different parts of the body.
Prostate cancer is one of the most seen cancer in men. Prostate cancer occurs in the prostate organ and often it develops in men that are over the age of 50.
Prostate cancer is known to be a slowly progressing cancer but, in some cases, it may show a faster progression. The researches show that genetic factors, some sexual factors or eating habits are linked to the development of prostate cancer.
An early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of prostate cancer. If you experience changes in your urinary or sexual functions, you are advised to see a urologist.
Some of the most common symptoms of prostate cancer are painful and diffucult urination, blood in urine, weak flow of urine and dysfunction of erectile.
Prostate screening tests may include:
There are different types of treatment options for prostate cancer regarding to it’s progression speed, type and stage.
According to the patient’s condition, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these treatments may be recommended.
Thyroid cancer develops in thyroid cells and some environmental and genetic factors may increase the risk of having thyroid cancer.
Signs and symtoms of thyroid cancer may include:
If you have experienced symptoms of thyroid cancer you are advised to see a doctor.
Early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Diagnostic tests may include:
There are different options for the treatment of thyroid cancer. To decide the best treatment option for you, your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
Surgical treatment, radioactive iodine treatment, hormone treatment and radiotherapy are the most common ways that are used in treatment of thyroid cancer, also combined treatments may be considered.
A stomach cancer develops from the cells that form the innermost lining of the stomach (the mucosa).
There are certain factors increasing the risk of having stomach cancer which are genetic factors, smoking, eating too much salty and smoked foods.
The most common symptoms of stomach cancer may include:
If you experienced symptoms of stomach cancer you are advised to see a doctor.
Early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment of stomach cancer. Diagnostic tests for stomach cancer may include:
There are different options for stomach cancer treatment. Before deciding the best treatment option for you, your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
Surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatment options of stomach cancer and also combined treatments may be considered.
Regarding to the stage of the cancer, the tumor, a part of stomach or the total stomach may remove in the surgery. Also before the surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy could be advised and the goal of these treatments are lessen the cancer cells.
After the surgery chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be given to decrease the risk of cancer recurrence. Besides, if it is a progressive cancer and it is already spread out these treatments given to damage the cancer cells which are located different parts of the body.
Testicular cancer is one of the most seen cancer type among young men but it may occur in older ages too. Testicular cancer can grow in one or both testicles.
Testicular cancer generally gives good response to treatment and has very high survival rate.
The early diagnosis is playing an important role in the treatment of testicular cancer. If you experience some of these signs below you are advised to see a urologist.
Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer are:
Testicular cancer screening tests may include:
There are different types of treatment options for tecticular cancer regarding to it’s progression speed, type and stage.
According to the patient’s condition, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or the combination of these treatments may be recommended.
Colon cancer occurs in the colon and rectum. Certain factors increase the risk of having colon cancer such as genetic factors, obesity, smoking, drinking alcohol and older age.
Signs and symptoms of colon cancer may include:
If you have experinced one of the symptoms of colon cancer, you are advised to see a doctor.
Early diagnosis is playing an important role in the treatment of colon cancer. Diagnostic tests for colon cancer may include:
There are different options for treatment. Before deciding the best treatment, your condition should be evaluated by your doctor.
Surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatment ways of colon cancer also combined treatments may be considered.
In general, treatment of colon cancer begins with surgery. After the surgery, chemotherapy is given to decrease the risk of cancer recurrence. Also if it is a progressive cancer and it is already spread out chemotherapy treatment is given to damage the cancer cells which are located different parts of the body.
Also, radiotherapy may be given at the same time with chemotherapy according to the stage of the disease.
Spinal tumors can involve in the neck, back and lower back. They can begin in several different types of cells, including nerve cells in the spinal cord, soft tissues or muscles that support the spine, and bones that make up the spinal column.
Spinal tumors sometimes might be overlooked because they're not common and their symptoms resemble those of more common conditions.
Signs and symptoms of spinal tumors may include:
If it's suspected that you have a spimal tumor, your doctor may recommend a number of tests and procedures, including:
The goal of spinal tumor treatment is to eliminate the tumor completely, but this goal may be complicated by the risk of permanent damage to the spinal cord and surrounding nerves.
Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells.
The two most common kinds of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Signs and symptoms of skin cancer may include:
To diagnose skin cancer, your doctor may examine your skin and remove a sample of suspicious skin for testing.
You can get a second opinion to know every possible choice for treatment.
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